Author name: James Williams

Homeopathy, as a form of alternative treatment, has gained ground recently as many people opt for natural remedies to fight various diseases. The efficacy of homeopathic therapy is still a matter of scientific debate but often those that go down this road wonder if their diet can affect their medical treatments. In this article, we will discuss foods that should be avoided when taking homeopathic medicine and why. What Are The Common Foods and Substances to Avoid? Common foods and substances to avoid in homeopathy include caffeine, alcohol, strong flavors (like mint), and certain essential oils, as they may interfere with remedy effectiveness. Coffee must be avoided while using any type of homeopathic remedy. The coffee contains caffeine which stimulates the body to radically counteract the subtle effects of these medications. For at least half an hour before and after a person takes their dose, homeopaths usually suggest avoiding its intake. Mint, including peppermint and spearmint, is another substance that homeopaths often tell patients to avoid while undergoing homeopathic treatment. This refers not only to mint-flavored food or drinks but also toothpaste, mouthwash and chewing gum. Strong flavored foods such as garlic and onions are sometimes recommended against or are told to take in moderation. These smelly vegetables contain strong constituents that could antagonize some homeopathic remedies.  When taking homeopathic medication, alcohol is generally avoided in most cases. This includes alcoholic beverages tinctures and extracts made from alcohol. Alcohol can possibly cancel out the benefits of homeopathic medicines. Like garlic and onions, strong spices and herbs should be taken in small amounts only. This includes chili peppers, cinnamon, cloves, etc. The hot flavors of these spices and their active ingredients might interfere with homeopathy medicines.  The use of tobacco, through either smoking or chewing, is highly discouraged during a homeopathic treatment. What Is Antidoting in Homeopathy? Like garlic and onions, strong spices and herbs should be taken in small amounts only. This includes chili peppers, cinnamon, cloves, etc. The hot flavors of these spices and their active ingredients might interfere with homeopathy medicines. On the other hand, mild herbs do not interfere with homeopathy meds. Antidoting in Homeopathy: A Conceptual Explanation Antidoting in homeopathy refers to the process of neutralizing or counteracting the effects of a homeopathic remedy by using substances that may counteract its action. Sometimes, people refer to some substances as antidotes where they have interfered with homeopathic remedies in certain ways. It proposes that strong flavors, odors, or chemicals could nullify or counteract the impacts of homeopathic medicines.  While there is limited scientific evidence supporting this hypothesis, many practicing homeopaths and patients claim to have witnessed such occurrences. One should note here that different persons may show varied degrees of sensitivity towards potential antidotes depending on the type of remedy administered. Some may find it necessary to maintain strict dietary and lifestyle factors, while others only have to exclude selected compounds just before and after taking course medication. What Are Some Other Regulations of Homeopathy? Homeopathic remedies are best taken 30 minutes before or one hour after meals to avoid interference. Individualized treatment is crucial, so consult a homeopathic expert for personalized advice. Besides refraining from particular items of food, many practitioners advise administering these medications far from meals. In general terms, you should take your dose 30 minutes prior to meal consumption or one hour after eating something.  This practice allows for its absorption devoid of other influences such as undigested particles of food. Remember that individualization of treatment is the key principle behind the practice of homeopathy. Indeed, what may be crucial as a healing agent to an individual may not be so significant for another one.  Consequently, consult with an expert homeopathic doctor who will give you a personal answer based on your specific situation. How Homeopathy Is Related To Healthy Eating? Homeopathy and healthy eating are related as balanced nutrition supports overall health, which complements homeopathic treatments. Avoiding certain foods may enhance remedy effectiveness and absorption. As much as there are suggestions of what to avoid eating while under homeopathic medication, it is equally important to have a well-balanced, healthy diet during this period. In addition, nutrients from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can also support general well-being and aid in optimizing the body’s response to homeopathic medicines.  Furthermore, some homeopaths might recommend some dietary changes depending on the kind of illness that you have and on their treatment principles. Who should not use homeopathy? Individuals with serious or life-threatening conditions, those seeking evidence-based treatments, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult a healthcare professional before using homeopathy. People who suffer from severe infections, cancer, or heart disease, among other life-threatening conditions, should never rely on Homeopathy in place of mainstream medical care.  In case one is expecting or breastfeeding or using other drugs, they should talk to their doctors before they start using homeopathy. Does homeopathy have side effects? Homeopathy generally has minimal side effects due to highly diluted remedies. However, some people may experience mild reactions or exacerbation of symptoms temporarily. Since the solutions used have minimal concentrations, most people believe that homeopathic medicine has no negative impacts due to the low level of risks involved. Nonetheless, healing crises (temporary aggravation of symptoms) could sometimes happen during the process of treatment, which does not last long.  Ensure you use medications only from trusted sources and seek immediate medical attention in case of adverse reactions. What are the risks of homeopathy? Risks of homeopathy include potential delays in receiving effective conventional treatment, reliance on unproven remedies, and possible interactions with other treatments or medications. The main threats of homeopathy include the possibility of delaying appropriate treatment for severe illnesses, the risk of allergic reactions, and the likelihood of drug interference.  Over-reliance on homeopathy in serious health problems can worsen them and result in negative health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to consult a professional medical practitioner for critical conditions. What can homeopathy treat? Homeopathy can treat various

According to the principle of Homeopathy, like cures like is a system of alternative medicine where substances that cause symptoms in a healthy person are used to treat similar symptoms in a sick person. This has made some people argue whether homeopathy can be classified as natural medicine. What defines homeopathy as a natural medicine? Homeopathy is often considered a natural medicine due to its use of highly diluted substances derived from natural sources like plants and minerals. The remedies aim to stimulate the body’s own healing processes. However, its natural classification is debated, as the extreme dilution may remove original properties.  In doing this, the dilution and succussion processes are meant to increase their healing properties while at the same time keeping the side effects at a minimum. The critics argue that since at the end it often contains no measurable amount of the original substance, the question is thrown out on its natural status. How the debate goes is on whether nature in those ingredients still works or the process changes too much the nature of the remedy. How are homeopathic remedies prepared? Homeopathic remedies are prepared through a process called potentization, which involves serial dilution and succussion (vigorous shaking) of natural substances. This process aims to enhance the remedy’s therapeutic effects while minimizing potential side effects. Despite being based on natural substances, the preparation method is unique to homeopathy.  The idea of the process is that this “essential energy” or “vital energy” of the substance will be passed on to the remedy, thus making it potent enough to effectively treat symptoms. However, the dilution is extreme, so the final remedy may contain no detectable amount of the original substance, which distinguishes homeopathy from other forms of natural medicine that make use of more concentrated extracts. Are homeopathic remedies made from natural ingredients? Yes, homeopathic remedies are made from natural ingredients, including plants, minerals, and animal products. However, the ingredients undergo extreme dilution, which means that the final remedy may contain no measurable amount of the original substance. This method is intended to harness the healing properties of the natural ingredients.  That violent dilution, however, often leaves behind a remedy that holds no measurable amount of the original material. Here, what is sought is the energy of the natural source, rather than its physical components, and this forms a prominent characteristic of homeopathic remedial application, setting it apart from more direct uses of natural substances in medicine. How does homeopathy differ from herbal medicine? Homeopathy differs from herbal medicine in its preparation and philosophy. Herbal medicine uses plant parts in their natural form or extracts, while homeopathy uses highly diluted substances. Homeopathy’s focus is on stimulating the body’s vital force, whereas herbal medicine targets specific symptoms using plant compounds.  In contrast, homeopathy uses serial dilution and succussion in the preparation of remedies in search of transferring healing properties from the original substance to a highly diluted form. Thus, the philosophy of homeopathy is directed toward stimulating the body’s vital force or self-healing ability, whereas herbal medicine usually targets symptoms with more concentrated compounds of plants. Can homeopathy be considered eco-friendly? Homeopathy may be considered eco-friendly due to its reliance on highly diluted natural substances and minimal use of resources. However, the environmental impact of sourcing raw materials and manufacturing processes should be evaluated. The high dilution process means less material is used, potentially reducing environmental impact.  In itself, the process of potentization is not too heavy on resources, so it probably has a low environmental impact. It doesn’t take into account, though, the impacts associated with sourcing the raw materials or with manufacturing processes. Guaranteeing the ingredients come from sustainable sources and then measuring the whole production process would give a closer-to-the-truth assessment of the environment impact that homeopathy has. What are the criticisms of homeopathy as a natural medicine? Critics argue that homeopathy is not truly natural medicine because the extreme dilution process often results in remedies with no measurable amount of the original substance. They also point to a lack of empirical evidence supporting its efficacy, questioning its classification as a natural treatment.  Further fostering skepticism is the fact that there is little strong empirical evidence that homeopathy is an effective treatment. The principles and practices of homeopathy fail to jibe with conventional understandings of natural medicine, which are generally based on more concrete components and proven effectiveness. Is homeopathy recognized by mainstream medicine as natural? Mainstream medicine often questions homeopathy’s classification as natural due to its preparation process. While homeopathy uses natural substances, the extreme dilution means remedies may not contain active ingredients. Mainstream medical views generally require more robust evidence of efficacy and natural content for recognition.  This method differs from conventional natural medicine practices, where they use more concentrated forms of natural ingredients. With an emphasis on empirical evidence of efficacy and the presence of active ingredients, mainstream medical views may not accord much recognition to homeopathy. This sets homeopathy’s recognition as a natural treatment within mainstream medicine to remain quite contentious and in need of much more real proof of effectiveness and adherence to natural principles. Conclusion In short, whether homeopathy qualifies to be considered a “natural” medicine is dependent on several factors, such as the use of natural substances, the holistic approach it employs, and controversial evidence about its effectiveness. On the one hand, many aspects like low poisoning risks or overall body health that correspond with the demarcation between conventional medicine and antipodal approaches align with this definition of healthcare practices; conversely, though, highly diluted substances that form the foundation for these claims cannot be recognized by many doctors from other fields. Reference https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-homeopathy#:~:text=Rooted%20in%20centuries%2Dold%20principles,with%20well%2Destablished%20scientific%20understanding. https://www.webmd.com/balance/what-is-homeopathy

Do you ever reflect on if homeopathy and holistic medicine are the same thing? There are so many alternative healing methods that it’s easy to get confused. We will discuss in this article about what sets these two practices apart from one another while also noting their similarities, so that people can make up their minds when making decisions related to healthcare options available for them. How does homeopathy differ from holistic medicine? Homeopathy is a specific type of holistic medicine that uses diluted substances to stimulate the body’s healing processes. While holistic medicine considers the whole person, including mind, body, and spirit, homeopathy focuses on matching symptoms with individualized remedies to restore balance and health. Holistic medicine involves nutrition, exercise, and improvements in lifestyle to achieve a totally well state in a human being. Homeopathy is one of the holistic practices that concentrates on symptoms and gives treatment with medications based upon the “like cures like” concept. Both deal with the root cause of the disease, although their modes of treatment differ. What principles guide holistic health practices? Holistic health practices focus on treating the entire person, emphasizing the balance between mind, body, and spirit. Principles include natural healing, patient-centered care, prevention, and wellness. Practitioners use diverse therapies, such as nutrition and acupuncture, to address physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health. The holistic approach lays emphasis on understanding the special needs of patients and informing the patients regarding the same so that they become an active participant in health matters. Practitioners look for the root cause of the illness rather than treating its symptoms. The integrative approach is supportive of changes in lifestyle and allows different forms of therapies to be beneficial in improving health and preventing illness in the future. Can holistic practices be integrated with conventional medicine? Yes, holistic practices can complement conventional medicine by addressing emotional and spiritual needs alongside physical symptoms.  Integrative medicine is the term given to conventional treatment combined with holistic approaches like acupuncture and yoga. These shall help in improving general well-being and thereby provide better results from the treatment. This is an all-inclusive approach to healthcare. This will help the patients benefit from evidence-based medical treatments along with the holistic practices of targeting stress, lifestyle factors, and emotional well-being in supporting their healing.  This multi-disciplinary health professional collaboration ensures that a tailored made treatment plan is devised to meet the very diverse health needs of a patient to enhance the quality of life and satisfaction with care. What are the common treatments used in homeopathy? Common homeopathic treatments include remedies like Arnica for bruising, Ignatia for grief, and Nux Vomica for digestive issues. These treatments are highly diluted and individualized, selected based on symptoms and emotional states, and aim to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes and restore balance. Homeopathy is a system of medicine that makes use of substances derived from plants, minerals, and animals. Such substances are highly diluted to remove any possibility of toxicity but retain their therapeutic action. The remedies are matched to each patient’s symptoms and personality traits. The physical and emotional symptoms are assessed to develop an individual treatment program that will stimulate each patient’s healing response and allow them to obtain optimal health. How do holistic treatments enhance mental well-being? Holistic treatments enhance mental well-being by addressing emotional, physical, and spiritual health. Techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, and nutrition promote stress reduction and emotional balance. These practices foster resilience, improve mood, and encourage self-awareness, leading to improved mental health and overall life satisfaction. Holistic treatments incorporate multiple modalities that offer a complete path to mental health by putting together mind-body connections. It empowers people with effective positive changes in lifestyle and coping skills. It provides treatments not only for the symptoms but also to create a better quality of life and improvement in personal growth for long-term mental wellness. What role does diet play in holistic health? Diet plays a crucial role in holistic health, emphasizing nutrient-dense foods that support physical and mental well-being. A balanced diet promotes energy, mood stability, and disease prevention.  Holistic nutrition would therefore involve wholesome foods, mindful eating, and personalized plans to reach certain needs for health and well-being. Holistic practitioners assist in meal planning by first examining a person’s eating habits and nutritional deficiencies.  Basically focused on the consumption of foods that are organically grown, unprocessed, and maximallyhydration-rich, holistic diets aim to restore balance and energy into one’s life. This method considers food as medicine in that it works in accordance with the self-healing abilities of the body and maximizes other holistic practices. Are there risks associated with homeopathy? Homeopathy is generally considered safe, with minimal side effects due to its highly diluted remedies. However, relying solely on homeopathy for serious conditions can delay effective treatment. It’s essential to consult healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive care and appropriate use of homeopathy alongside conventional medicine. Patients should warn the treatment providers against their use to avoid potential interactions and therefore have a balanced approach to health. Homeopathy can be used with other therapies; however, it cannot replace any evidence-based medical therapies for serious diseases or emergencies. Finding the Right Way for Our Well-being While these two share some things in common, homeopathy differs greatly from holistic medicine since they are unique ways towards better living. For instance, homeopathy follows the “like cures like” principle alongside the minimum doses concept while the holistic approach treats an entire person utilizing multiple techniques. Choose whichever method suits your goals best but always talk to qualified professionals about this so that they could help steer us onto healthier paths. Let’s be responsible for our own bodies by looking into different options available thereby ensuring overall mental physical spiritual balance.

Homeopathy is an alternative medicine which was established in the 18th century. It has become a matter of debate in recent times. Despite this, patients still find solace in it while scientists are concerned about its effectiveness and basic theories. What Are The Basic Principles of Homeopathy? The basic principles of homeopathy include “like cures like,” using highly diluted remedies, individualizing treatment, and stimulating the body’s natural healing processes. To understand why it attracts such criticisms, one has to have an understanding of homeopathy itself. Law of Similars in homeopathic medicine is that anything that can create reactions and symptoms in healthy humans can be used to treat those affected by diseases. Water or alcohol is used to dilute homeopathic remedies until there is no remaining trace amount of the original substance. In general, homeopaths administer their treatments based on overall symptoms rather than targeting particular diseases or conditions. What Are The Scientific Criticisms of Homeopathy? Scientific criticisms of homeopathy include lack of empirical evidence, reliance on placebo effects, implausibility of dilution principles, and inconsistent results in clinical studies. One notable challenge to homeopathy comes from the fact that it operates against all known scientific principles. It’s often true that most dilutions used for homeopathic remedies do not have any detectable quantity of medicinal particles inside them. Critics claim these preparations can only exist as placebos since they lack enough molecules. In pharmacology, it is commonly held that drug effect is related to its dose. According to homeopathic principles higher dilutions result in stronger potencies (‘similia similibus curantur’). Most medical experts believe that the homeopathic principles go against science. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials have repeatedly failed to establish the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines over placebo for any medical condition.  What Are The Ethical and Practical Concerns? Ethical and practical concerns in homeopathy include misleading efficacy claims, potential delays in conventional treatment, lack of regulation, and reliance on placebo effects over evidence-based care. Experts argue that a lack of trust in conventional medicine may induce patients to delay appropriate treatment, which may aggravate their condition further. The issue becomes more pertinent with severe or life-threatening diseases where early treatment can make all the difference. In certain countries, such treatments are part of national health services or covered by private insurance plans. This diverts limited healthcare resources away from evidence-based treatments and towards possibly less effective alternatives. Some people see advocacy for homeopathy as a factor contributing to scientific illiteracy among individuals. By upholding principles that go against basic scientific beliefs, homeopathy may undermine confidence in evidence-based medicine as well as science itself. What Are The Regulatory Issues In Homeopathy? Regulatory issues in homeopathy include inconsistent standards, lack of rigorous efficacy testing, varying legal status globally, and concerns about consumer protection and misleading claims. Most of these homeopathic products are often advertised using grounds that lack scientific evidence. Different companies might produce homeopathic preparations differently. Critics posit that poor standardization makes it hard to ensure consistency in the quality and safety of these products. Supporters of homeopathy commonly cite positive experiences by patients as proof of its effectiveness. However, skeptics attribute this to the placebo effect, the natural power of healing, together with empathetic care, which is usually offered by homeopathic practitioners. While acknowledging that the placebo impact is a genuine phenomenon that may be beneficial, critics contend that prescribing placebos without disclosing such information to patients is unethical. What defines homeopathic? Homeopathy is defined as the use of highly diluted substances to treat symptoms based on the principle of “like cures like,” aiming to stimulate natural healing. Homeopathy, an alternative medical system, is a system that follows the concept of “similia similibus curentur” whereby substances that cause symptoms in healthy people are used in extremely diluted form to treat similar symptoms in sick people. It also involves use of minute quantities of highly diluted substances which are said to spur the body into self-healing process. Is homeopathy good or bad for you? Homeopathy’s effectiveness is debated; some find it helpful, but scientific support is limited. It can be safe if used responsibly, complementing conventional care. The efficacy of homeopathy is debated. Some users report positive results, often attributed to the placebo effect. Nonetheless, scientific studies have generally found no significant benefits beyond placebo. When used along with other treatments it is considered safe but relying only on it for serious conditions can be dangerous. Is Homeo banned in Germany? Homeopathy is not banned in Germany; it remains legal and widely practiced, though its effectiveness and coverage by public health insurance are increasingly debated. Germany did not ban the practice of homeopathy. Instead, it has a great tradition related to this form and thus, it gets formal recognition and regulation. A few health insurance plans even cover some German pharmacies who stock different homeopathic remedies. Nevertheless, its effectiveness still remains under evaluation and criticism. What is the most controversial part of the homeopathic method? The most controversial part of the homeopathic method is the use of highly diluted substances, which critics argue lack scientific evidence and rely on placebo effects. This dilution stage renders homeopathic remedies a subject of extreme controversy as it usually goes so far that there is no original substance’s molecule remaining inside their composition at all.  Detractors argue that this contradicts basic tenets of chemistry and pharmacology known in science thereby making it questionable how such dilutions could have any therapeutic impact apart from the placebo effect. What does 30C mean in homeopathy? In homeopathy, 30C means the substance has been diluted 1 part in 100, repeated 30 times, resulting in an extremely diluted remedy. In homeopathy, 30C refers to dilution where the mother tincture has been diluted by one part a hundred thirty times. In this case, it implies that one part of the substance would be diluted in 10^60 parts of water or alcohol. This practice is controversial and typically involves extreme dilutions. Do doctors believe in homeopathy? Belief in homeopathy varies

Homeopathy, the last system of alternative medicine founded in the late 18th century by Samuel Hahnemann, is based on the idea of the “like cures like” principle. This means that a remedy that causes symptoms in a healthy person can be used to cure similar symptoms in a patient when it is administered in a highly diluted form. Nonetheless, despite its long existence and wide acceptance, homeopathy continues to court controversy, particularly around issues of its safety and efficacy. What are the common side effects of homeopathy? Homeopathy generally has few reported side effects due to its use of highly diluted substances. However, some individuals may experience mild symptoms like nausea or dizziness. Severe reactions are rare but can occur in sensitive individuals. Always consult a healthcare provider if unusual symptoms arise.  While homeopathic remedies are designed to be safe due to their extreme dilution, mild, temporary symptoms might be reported by some users. Normally they will not be too serious and may only manifest as mild headaches or stomach issues. Still, it is imperative to monitor any such symptoms and report them to a healthcare professional in case of persistence or one experiences severe reactions. Professional guidance allows management of the possible side effects. Is homeopathy safe for children? Homeopathy is considered generally safe for children, as remedies are highly diluted and typically have fewer side effects. However, it is essential to consult a pediatrician before starting any homeopathic treatment, especially for serious or persistent health issues.  Since homeopathic medicines are so diluted, they are usually very well tolerated in children, and one finds them frequently used for a wide range of minor ailments. That general safety notwithstanding, consulting a pediatrician to verify if the remedy chosen fits the child’s particular need is of prime importance. Only then will a pediatrician be able to advise on safe usage and ensure that homeopathy complements, not contradict other treatments or interventions. Can homeopathy interact with other medications? Homeopathic remedies are usually safe to use with other medications as they are highly diluted and unlikely to cause interactions. However, it is important to inform your healthcare provider about all treatments you are using to avoid potential interactions and ensure overall safety.  It generally won’t have an interaction with conventional medications because of its extreme dilution, but the health care provider should be informed about all prescribed medications and supplements being taken. This way, they may individually evaluate possible interactions and advise how to use homeopathy in combination with other therapies to make all therapies as safe and effective as possible. Are there any risks associated with using homeopathy? Risks associated with homeopathy are generally minimal due to the high dilution of substances used. However, improper use or relying solely on homeopathy for serious conditions can pose risks. Consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial for ensuring appropriate treatment and minimizing risks.  Inherent to the extreme dilution involved in homeopathy is the minimal risks associated with it; hence, serious side effects are highly unlikely. Still, this could be a problem if homeopathy isn’t used correctly, resulting in incorrect dosages and not seeking conventional treatment for serious medical conditions. It’s always important to talk to your healthcare professional about using homeopathy to ensure that it’s being used correctly and that it is complementary—not an alternative—to medical treatment when you need it. Can homeopathy cause allergic reactions? Allergic reactions to homeopathic remedies are rare but possible. Most remedies are highly diluted, reducing the likelihood of an allergic response. If you experience symptoms like rash or itching, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.  Even though homeopathic remedies are immensely diluted, it is not possible to discount the occurrence of some allergic reactions. These include rash, itching, or other allergic reactions. A number of these symptoms compel one to stop using the remedy and advise a healthcare professional. The professional will evaluate if the reaction exhibited by the person is a result of the homeopathic remedy or another factor. What should you do if you experience side effects from homeopathy? If you experience side effects from homeopathy, discontinue the remedy and consult a healthcare provider. While side effects are uncommon, any adverse symptoms should be evaluated to determine the cause and appropriate action.  If one experiences side effects during the treatment using homeopathic remedies, he should immediately withdraw from the remedy and seek a health professional. Even though side effects are a rare case, he should report it immediately. The health professional will thus be in a position to help assess whether the symptoms are resulting from the remedy or any other factors, and advise on how to manage or improve the issue at hand. Is it safe to use homeopathy during pregnancy? Homeopathy is generally considered safe during pregnancy due to the high dilution of substances. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using any homeopathic remedies during pregnancy to ensure they are appropriate and safe for both mother and baby.  The fact that homeopathic remedies are considered safe to be taken during pregnancy is due to their extreme dilution, which makes side effects unlikely. Nevertheless, this being a sensitive period, it is important to seek advice from a health professional before starting treatment. They can cross-check the appropriateness of the remedies against potential interference with the health of either the mother or the baby. Are there any known long-term side effects of homeopathy? Long-term side effects of homeopathy are uncommon due to the extreme dilution of remedies. Most individuals do not experience adverse effects with prolonged use. However, monitoring for any changes and consulting a healthcare provider for regular check-ups is advised.  Given a homeopathic substance’s extreme degree of dilution, long-term side effects are rather rare. Most people can take homeopathic remedies for quite a long time with little or no serious side effects. Nevertheless, one should always monitor health changes and consult the doctor frequently to ensure the remedy remains apt and effective without causing